The aim of the present work is to show the roots of the conception of perception as an active process, tracing the history of its development from Plato to modern philosophy. The contributors inquire into what activity is taken to mean in different theories, challenging traditional historical accounts of perception that stress the passivity of percipients in coming to know the external world. Special attention is paid to the psychological and physiological mechanisms of perception, rational and non-rational perception and the role of awareness in the perceptual process.

Perception has often been conceived as a process in which the passive aspects - such as the reception of sensory stimuli - were stressed and the active ones overlooked. However, during recent decades research in cognitive science and philosophy of mind has emphasized the activity of the subject in the process of sense perception, often associating this activity to the notions of attention and intentionality. Although it is recognized that there are ancient roots to the view that perception is fundamentally active, the history remains largely unexplored.

The book is directed to all those interested in contemporary debates in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive psychology who would like to become acquainted with the historical background of active perception, but for historical reliability the aim is to make no compromises.

1. Introduction: The World as a Stereogram; José Filipe Silva and Mikko Yrjönsuuri.- 2. Plato: Interaction Between the External Body and the Perceiver in theTimaeus; Pauliina Remes.- 3. Activity, Passivity, and Perceptual Discrimination in Aristotle; Klaus Corcilius.- 4. On Activity and Passivity in Perception: Aristotle, Philoponus, and Pseudo-Simplicius; Miira Tuominen.- 5. Augustine on Active Perception; José Filipe Silva.- 6. Avicenna on the Souls Activity in Perception; Jari Kaukua.- 7. Medieval Theories of Active Perception: An Overview; José Filipe Silva.- 8. Agent Sense in Averroes and Latin Averroism; Jean-Baptiste Brenet.- 9. Active Perception from Nicholas of Cusa to Thomas Hobbes; Cees Leijenhorst.-10. Seeing Distance; Mikko Yrjönsuuri.- 11. Descartes and Active Perception; Cecilia Wee.- 12 Locke and Active Perception; Vili Lähteenmäki.- 13. Spinoza on Activity in Sense Perception; Valtteri Viljanen.-14. Berkeley and Activity in Visual Perception; Ville Paukkonen.-15. Activity and Passivity in Theories of Perception: Descartes to Kant; Gary Hatfield.